Dementia
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«Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person's daily functioning.[2] Other common symptoms include emotional problems, difficulties with language, and a decrease in motivation.[2][3] A person's consciousness is usually not affected.[2] A dementia diagnosis requires a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging.[2][11] These diseases also have a significant effect on a person's caregivers.[2]
The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, which makes up 50% to 70% of cases.[2][3] Other common types include vascular dementia (25%), Lewy body dementia (15%), and frontotemporal dementia.[2][3] Less common causes include normal pressure hydrocephalus, Parkinson's disease dementia, syphilis, and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease among others.[12] More than one type of dementia may exist in the same person.[2] A small proportion of cases run in families.[13] In the DSM-5, dementia was reclassified as a neurocognitive disorder, with various degrees of severity.[14] Diagnosis is usually based on history of the illness and cognitive testing with medical imaging and blood tests used to rule out other possible causes.[4] The mini mental state examination is one commonly used cognitive test.[3] Efforts to prevent dementia include trying to decrease risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and obesity.[2] Screening the general population for the disorder is not recommended.[15]
There is no known cure for dementia.[2]Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil are often used and may be beneficial in mild to moderate disorder.[7][16][17] Overall benefit, however, may be minor.[7][8] There are many measures that can improve the quality of life of people with dementia and their caregivers.[2]Cognitive and behavioral interventions may be appropriate.[2] Educating and providing emotional support to the caregiver is important.[2] Exercise programs may be beneficial with respect to activities of daily living and potentially improve outcomes.[18] Treatment of behavioral problems with antipsychotics is common but not usually recommended due to the little benefit and side effects, including an increased risk of death.[19][20]
Globally, dementia affected about 46 million people in 2015.[9] About 10% of people develop the disorder at some point in their lives.[13] It becomes more common with age.[21] About 3% of people between the age of 65–74 have dementia, 19% between 75 and 84, and nearly half of those over 85 years of age.[22] In 2013 dementia resulted in about 1.7 million deaths up from 0.8 million in 1990.[23] As more people are living longer, dementia is becoming more common in the population as a whole.[21] For people of a specific age, however, it may be becoming less frequent, at least in the developed world, due to a decrease in risk factors.[21] It is one of the most common causes of disability among the old.[3] It is believed to result in economic costs of US$604 billion a year.[2] People with dementia are often physically or chemically restrained to a greater degree than necessary, raising issues of human rights.[2]Social stigma against those affected is common.[3]» (wikipedia)
Summary on Dementia
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Pathways of Dementia
Evidence Sources
Biolinks for Dementia are extracted by users from 12 related publications.-
2017Cohort
- Condition: Subgroup analysis identified a decline of dementia in cilostazol users with diagnosed ischemic heart disease (aHR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.83) and cerebral vascular disease (aHR 0.34, 95% CI 0.21-0.54).
- Organism: Humans
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2018Cohort
- Organism: Humans
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2020
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2015Meta-Analysis
- Organism: Humans
- Minor Magnitude of Effect.
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2018
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2005Non Random CT
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2008
- Organism: Humans
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2012
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2014
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2017
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2019Cohort
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2020Systematic Review
- Organism: Humans
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