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«Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of its birth, its current age and other demographic factors including gender. The most commonly used measure of life expectancy is at birth (LEB), which can be defined in two ways. Cohort LEB is the mean length of life of an actual birth cohort (all individuals born a given year) and can be computed only for cohorts born many decades ago, so that all their members have died. Period LEB is the mean length of life of a hypothetical cohort assumed to be exposed, from birth through death, to the mortality rates observed at a given year.[1]

National LEB figures reported by statistical national agencies and international organizations are indeed estimates of period LEB. In the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, LEB was 26 years; the 2010 world LEB was 67.2 years. For recent years, in Swaziland LEB is about 49, and in Japan, it is about 83. The combination of high infant mortality and deaths in young adulthood from accidents, epidemics, plagues, wars, and childbirth, particularly before modern medicine was widely available, significantly lowers LEB. But for those who survive early hazards, a life expectancy of 70 is not uncommon. For example, a society with a LEB of 40 may have few people dying at precisely 40: most will die before 30 or after 55. In populations with high infant mortality rates, LEB is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Because of this sensitivity to infant mortality, LEB can be subjected to gross misinterpretation, leading one to believe that a population with a low LEB will necessarily have a small proportion of older people.[2] For example, in a hypothetical stationary population in which half the population dies before the age of five but everybody else dies at exactly 70 years old, LEB will be about 36, but about 25% of the population will be between the age of 50 and 70. Another measure, such as life expectancy at age 5 (e5), can be used to exclude the effect of infant mortality to provide a simple measure of overall mortality rates other than in early childhood; in the hypothetical population above, life expectancy at 5 would be another 65. Aggregate population measures, such as the proportion of the population in various age groups, should also be used along individual-based measures like formal life expectancy when analyzing population structure and dynamics.

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Summary on Lifespan

It is a goodness.
Biochemistry
Decreases: Aging
Causes
Increased or caused by: Blueberry, C60 + Olive oil, Chaga, Flavonoids, Glucosamine sulphate, Glycine, High Fat Diet, High Income, Nicotinamide Riboside, Senolytics, β-hydroxybutyrate
May be increased or caused by: Alpha-ketoglutarate, Baking soda, Barberine, Glucosamine, Mitochondrial integrity, Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, VO2max (may increase), Xenohormetins
Prevention
Decreased by: AD, AGEs, Air pollution, Alcohol, Atherosclerosis, Cancer, Chronic stress, CVD, Dementia, Depression, Diabetes Type 2, Extracellular matrix stiffness, Hypertension, excess of IGF-1, Kidney damage, Liver damage, excess of Mitohormesis, Self-sacrifice, Vascular dementia, deficiency of VO2max (deficiency lowers), Weight gain, Western diet
Cured or improved by: Spermidine
May be decreased by: ALA
May be cured or improved by: Wild foods
 
Related Sources
Biolinks knowledge for Lifespan is based on 40 related Proof-Sources.
 
Modified 1 year ago on Dec 30, 2018
Alex InsidePRO ranked added it 1 year ago on Jul 19, 2018
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