Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
TNF-α
cytokine
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«Tumor necrosis factor is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction. It is produced chiefly by activated macrophages, although it can be produced by many other cell types such as CD4+ lymphocytes, NK cell, neutrophil, mast cell, eosinophils, and neurons.
The primary role of TNF is in the regulation of immune cell. TNF, being an endogenouspyrogen, is able to induce fever, apoptotic cell death, cachexia, inflammation and to inhibit tumorigenesis and viral replication and respond to sepsis via IL1 & IL6 producing cell. Dysregulation of TNF production has been implicated in a variety of human diseases including Alzheimer's disease, cancer, major depression, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Though controversial, studies of depression and IBD are currently being linked to TNF levels. Recombinant TNF is used as an immunostimulant under the INN tasonermin. TNF can be produced ectopically in the setting of malignancy and parallels parathyroid hormone both in causing secondary hypercalcemia and in the cancer with which excessive production is associated.» (wikipedia)
Summary on TNF-α
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Sources of TNF-α
Lowering of TNF-α
Pathways of TNF-α
Evidence Sources
Biolinks for TNF-α are extracted by users from 111 related publications.-
2001Human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2002Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2004Human Cells
- Condition: in in vitro matured human macrophages
- Organism: In vitro
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2004RCT
- Organism: Humans
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2004RCT
- Dose: testosterone replacement (Sustanon 100) vs. placebo in 27 men (age, 62 +/- 9 yr)
- Organism: Humans
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2006Non-human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2006Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2007Publications Review
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2007Publications Review
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2008Non-human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2008Human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2008Human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
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2010Human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2010Meta-Analysis
- Organism: Humans
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2011Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2011Human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
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2012Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2012Human Cells
- Dose: in the absence or presence of melatonin (10, 100, 1000 μm)
- Organism: In vitro
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2012Human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2011Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2012Publications Review
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2014Meta-Analysis
- Organism: Humans
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2014Meta-Analysis
- Organism: Humans
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2014Publications Review
- Organism: Humans
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2016Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2016Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2016Rodents
- Dose: 100–1000 μg/mL
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2016Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2016Publications Review
- Organism: Mixed Organisms
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2017Publications Review
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2017Meta-Analysis
- Organism: Humans
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2017Human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2018Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2017Human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2017Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2018Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2019Publications Review
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2019Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2018Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2018Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2019Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2019Cohort
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2019RCT
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2019Human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2019Non-human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2019Meta-Analysis
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2019Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2019Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2019Human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2020Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2020Rodents
- Condition: in HFCHL-fed mice
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2020Publications Review
- Organism: Mixed Organisms
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2020Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2020Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2020Human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2021Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2020Publications Review
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2021Systematic Review
- Organism: Humans
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2021Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2021Rodents
- Dose: thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 8). Testicular damage was induced by oral administration of Trazadone (TRZ, 20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for four weeks (TRZ group). l-carnitine (LC, 200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was applied for four weeks (LC group). LC + TRZ group administered the same doses of LC and TRZ concomitantly. The control group received distilled water (as vehicle).
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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1996Publications Review
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2020Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2004Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2003Rodents
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
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2010Non-human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2011
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2011Cohort
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2013Rodents
- Condition: «mice were fed a high-fat diet to generate obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mice»
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
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2014Human Cells
- Organism: In vitro
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2015
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2015Cohort
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2015Systematic Review
- Organism: Humans
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2017
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2017Publications Review
- Organism: Mammals
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2017Publications Review
- Organism: Mammals
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2018Cohort
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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