L-carnitine
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«Carnitine (β-hydroxy-γ-N-trimethylaminobutyric acid, 3-hydroxy-4-N,N,N-trimethylaminobutyrate) is a quaternary ammonium compound[1] involved in metabolism in most mammals, plants, and some bacteria.[2] Carnitine may exist in two isomers, labeled D-carnitine and L-carnitine, which are both biologically active. At room temperature, pure carnitine is a white powder, and a water-soluble zwitterion with low toxicity. Carnitine only exists in animals as the L-enantiomer, and D-carnitine is toxic because it inhibits the activity of L-carnitine.[3] Carnitine, derived from an amino acid, is found in nearly all organisms and animal tissue. Carnitine is the generic expression for a number of compounds that include L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and propionyl-L-carnitine. It is most accumulated in cardiac and skeletal muscle as it accounts for 0.1% of its dry matter. It was first derived from meat extracts in 1905, therefore the name carnitine is derived from Latin "carnus" or flesh. The body synthesizes enough carnitine from lysine side chains to keep up with the needs of energy production in the body as carnitine acts as a transporter of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria to be oxidized and produce energy. Some individuals with genetic or medical disorders (such as preterm infants) cannot make enough, so this makes carnitine a conditionally essential nutrient for them.[4][5]» (wikipedia)
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Evidence Sources
Biolinks for L-carnitine are extracted by users from 4 related publications.-
2016Meta-Analysis
- Organism: Humans
- Notable Magnitude of Effect.
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2016Non Random CT
- Organism: Humans
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2018Meta-Analysis
- Organism: Humans
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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2021Rodents
- Dose: thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 8). Testicular damage was induced by oral administration of Trazadone (TRZ, 20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for four weeks (TRZ group). l-carnitine (LC, 200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was applied for four weeks (LC group). LC + TRZ group administered the same doses of LC and TRZ concomitantly. The control group received distilled water (as vehicle).
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
- Strong Magnitude of Effect.
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