Spirulina
improves
Immune function
Spirulina
improves
Immune function
9.2
ValidityScore
Valid or Invalid?
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2017Publications Review
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Alberto Finamore, Ilaria Peluso, Maura Palmery, Sarra Bensehaila -
« However, it must be taken into account that polysaccharides [69] contained in Spirulina (Table 1) can induce NF-kB pathway. In particular, the high molecular weight polysaccharide Immulina has been reported have immunostimulatory activity [70–72] and increased IL-1β and TNF-α expression by inducing NF-kappa B pathway [72]. Despite the fact that the immunostimulatory activity could increase inflammation, it must be taken into account that in syngeneic tumor-implant mice (C57BL/6 versus B16 melanoma) the antitumor activity and the increased NK cytotoxicity were observed in parallel with the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) [73]. Furthermore, it was also observed that Spirulina consumption increased macrophage activation (phagocytic activity and nitrite production) in chicken [74]. Therefore, Spirulina could modulate immune function, reducing inflammation without inhibiting the innate immune defences.»
- Organism: In vitro
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2015RCT
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R. U. Labhe et al -
«It is concluded that spirulina alone has been equally beneficial as medication alone over two months period in treating mild to moderate asthma. The most optimal improvement was observed when medication and spirulina were administered together. The results of this study suggest that long-term supplementation of spirulina for more than two months on daily basis can optimise an improvement of bronchial asthma.»
- Dose: 1g daily
- Condition: patients with mild to moderate asthma
- Organism: Humans — Not Healthy
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2018RCT
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Basta P, Juszkiewicz A, Machaliński B, Petriczko E, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A, Trzeciak J, Łuczkowska K -
«Results: On the 2nd examination, athletes from the supplemented group showed neither a post-exercise increase in Treg count nor a post-recovery decrease in Tδγ cell count (both observed in the placebo group), and presented with significantly lower values of Treg/CTL prior to and after the exercise. During the same examination, rowers from the placebo group showed a significant post-recovery increase in Treg/(NK + Tδγ + CTL) ratio, which was absent in the supplemented group.
Conclusion: The results of this study imply that supplementation with spirulina extract may protect athletes against a deficit in immune function (especially, anti-infectious function) associated with strenuous exercise, and may cause a beneficial shift in "overtraining threshold" preventing a radical deterioration of immunity.» - Condition: rowers
- Organism: Humans — Athletic
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#Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn, Artur Juszkiewicz, Dietary Supplements*, Double-Blind Method, Exercise Test, Humans, Immunomodulation*, Killer Cells, MEDLINE, Male, NCBI, NIH, NLM, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Natural / cytology, PMC5819236, Piotr Basta, Plant Extracts / administration &, PubMed Abstract, Randomized Controlled Trial, Regulatory / cytology, Spirulina*, Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*, T-Lymphocyte Subsets / cytology, T-Lymphocytes, Water Sports / physiology*, Young Adult, doi:10.1186/s12970-018-0213-3, dosage*, pmid:29467598 -
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2011Non Random CT
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Carlo Selmi -
«Spirulina may ameliorate anemia and immunosenescence in older subjects. We encourage large human studies to determine whether this safe supplement could prove beneficial in randomized clinical trials.»
- Dose: 6 tablets of 500 mg Spirulina per day for a 12-week period
- Condition: 40 volunteers of both sexes with an age of 50 years or older who had no history of major chronic diseases
- Organism: Humans
- Comments: "Older women appeared to benefit more rapidly from Spirulina supplements"
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2008Publications Review
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Bhadauriya P, Bisen PS, Jarouliya U, Kulshreshtha A, Prasad GB, Zacharia AJ -
«Abstract: Spirulina is a photosynthetic, filamentous, spiral-shaped and multicellular edible microbe. It is the nature's richest and most complete source of nutrition. Spirulina has a unique blend of nutrients that no single source can offer. The alga contains a wide spectrum of prophylactic and therapeutic nutrients that include B-complex vitamins, minerals, proteins, gamma-linolenic acid and the super anti-oxidants such as beta-carotene, vitamin E, trace elements and a number of unexplored bioactive compounds. Because of its apparent ability to stimulate whole human physiology, Spirulina exhibits therapeutic functions such as antioxidant, anti-bacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-diabetic and plethora of beneficial functions. Spirulina consumption appears to promote the growth of intestinal micro flora as well. The review discusses the potential of Spirulina in health care management.»
- Organism: Humans
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#Anish J Zacharia, Archana Kulshreshtha, Bacterial Infections / prevention &, Delivery of Health Care / trends*, Diabetes Mellitus / prevention &, Food, Humans, MEDLINE, NCBI, NIH, NLM, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Neoplasms / prevention &, Non-U.S. Gov', Organic, P S Bisen, Probiotics / therapeutic use*, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Review, Spirulina / cytology*, Spirulina / physiology*, control*, control*, control*, doi:10.2174/138920108785915111, pmid:18855693, t -
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1998Rodents
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Cho HH, Kim HM, Lee EH, Moon YH -
«Abstract: We investigated the effect of spirulina on mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions. Spirulina dose-dependently inhibited the systemic allergic reaction induced by compound 48/80 in rats. Spirulina inhibited compound 48/80-induced allergic reaction 100% with doses of 100-1000 microg/g body weight, i.p. Spirulina (10-1000 microg/g body weight, i.p.) also significantly inhibited local allergic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. When rats were pretreated with spirulina at a concentration ranging from 0.01 to 1000 microg/g body weight, i.p., the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Spirulina (0.001 to 10 microg/mL) dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cell (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cyclic AMP in RPMC, when spirulina (10 microg/mL) was added, transiently and significantly increased about 70-fold at 10 sec compared with that of control cell. Moreover, spirulina (10 microg/mL) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. These results indicate that spirulina inhibits mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in vivo and in vitro.»
- Dose: 0.01 to 1000 microg/g body weight
- Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
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#Animals, Bacterial Proteins / pharmacology*, Cyanobacteria / chemistry*, Dinitrobenzenes / pharmacology, E H Lee, H M Kim, Histamine / blood, Histamine Release / drug effects*, Hypersensitivity / metabolism*, Immunoglobulin E / biosynthesis, MEDLINE, Mast Cells / drug effects*, Mast Cells / metabolism, NCBI, NIH, NLM, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Non-U.S. Gov', Peritoneal Cavity / cytology, PubMed Abstract, Rats, Research Support, Spirulina, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / biosynthesis, Y H Moon, doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00678-3, p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine / pharmacology, pmid:9605430, t -
Modified by
1 week ago
on Aug 1, 2020
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added it
2 weeks ago
on Jul 28, 2020