Magnesium lowers Calcification

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Magnesium lowers Calcification

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2018

Magnesium prevents vascular calcification in vitro by inhibition of hydroxyapatite crystal formation
Anique D. ter Braake, Catherine M. Shanahan, Jeroen H. F. de Baaij, Joost G. J. Hoenderop, Paul T. Tinnemans
«RESULTS: BGP is a Pi-donor that requires enzymatic cleavage in order to release Pi. As Pi exposure is one of the decisive factors in the calcification process, the Pi concentration of the cell culture supernatant was assessed after 2, 8 and 14 days of treatment (Fig. 1). 10 mM BGP treatment resulted in gradual increase in Pi concentration over time, reaching 4.6 ± 0.3 mM after 14 days. 2 mM Mg²⁺ supplementation led to significantly higher Pi concentration of 7.6 ± 0.8 mM after 14 days. In contrast, BGP treatment in cell-free conditions did not lead to increased Pi concentration under the same conditions (data not shown).»
Organism: In vitro
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5794996
10.1038/s41598-018-20241-3

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Magnesium lowers Calcification

2017

RCT

Oral Magnesium Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 and 4: Efficacy, Safety, and Effect on Serum Calcification Propensity-A Prospecti...
Bressendorff I, et al.
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests that increases in both serum and intracellular magnesium (Mg) can slow or even prevent the development of vascular calcification seen in CKD. Serum calcification propensity (T50) is a novel functional test, which is associated with all-cause mortality in CKD and measures the ability of serum to delay the formation of crystalline nanoparticles. Theoretically, increasing serum Mg should improve T50 and thereby reduce the propensity towards ectopic calcification.

Methods: We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded clinical trial to investigate the safety of 2 different doses of oral Mg supplementation in subjects with CKD stages 3 and 4 as well as their effects on intracellular Mg and T50. Thirty-six subjects with CKD stages 3 and 4 were randomized to one of 3 groups (placebo, elemental Mg 15 mmol/d or elemental Mg 30 mmol/d) given as slow-release Mg hydroxide and followed for 8 weeks.

Results: Thirty-four subjects completed the trial. Intracellular Mg remained stable throughout the trial despite significant increases in both serum and urine Mg. T50 increased significantly by 40 min from 256 ± 60 (mean ± SD) to 296 ± 64 minutes (95% confidence interval, 11-70, P < 0.05) in the Mg 30 mmol/d group after 8 weeks. No serious adverse events related to the study medication were reported during the study.

Discussion: Oral Mg supplementation was safe and well tolerated in CKD stages 3 and 4 and improved T50, but did not increase intracellular Mg. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of Mg supplementation in CKD stage 3 and 4 and whether improvement in calcification propensity is related to clinical endpoints.
Organism: Humans
#calcification propensity, chronic kidney disease, magnesium
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29142966
10.1016/j.ekir.2016.12.008

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Magnesium lowers Calcification

2017

Publications Review

Impact of Magnesium:calcium Ratio on Calcification of the Aortic Wall
Villa-Bellosta R
«Conclusion: Data from observational clinical studies showing that the serum magnesium concentration is inversely correlated with vascular calcification could be reinterpreted as a compensatory regulatory mechanism that reduces both PPi hydrolysis and vascular calcification. The impact of magnesium in vascular calcification in humans could be studied in association with calcium levels, for example, as the magnesium:calcium ratio.»
#Animals, Aorta / metabolism*, Aorta / pathology, Calcinosis*, Calcium / metabolism*, Kinetics, MEDLINE, Magnesium / metabolism*, NCBI, NIH, NLM, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, PMC5453594, PubMed Abstract, Rats, Ricardo Villa-Bellosta, Vascular Calcification*, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178872, pmid:28570619more...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28570619
10.1371/journal.pone.0178872

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Magnesium lowers Calcification

2014

RCT

Magnesium Retards the Progress of the Arterial Calcifications in Hemodialysis Patients: A Pilot Study
Damianakis NE, Giannakis N, Oreopoulos DG, Papadaki AN, Stamataki EE, Tzanakis IP
Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of magnesium (Mg) on the evolution of arterial calcifications in hemodialysis patients.

Patients and methods: Seventy-two stable hemodialysis patients were randomly allocated to two groups: 36 administered a regimen containing magnesium carbonate plus calcium acetate as a phosphate binder (Mg group), while the rest 36 received calcium acetate alone (Ca group). The presence and the progression of arterial calcifications were evaluated in plain X-rays using a simple vascular calcification score. The duration of the follow-up period was 12 months.

Results: Thirty-two patients of the Mg group and 27 of the Ca group completed the study. The mean time average values of the biochemical laboratories did not differ between the two groups, except serum Mg: 2.83 + 0.38 in the Mg group versus 2.52 + 0.27 mg/dl in the Ca group, p = 0.001. In 9/32 (28.12 %) patients of the Mg group and in 12/27 (44.44 %) patients of the Ca group, the arterial calcifications were worsened, p = 0.276. Moreover, in 4/32 (15.6 %) patients of the Mg group and in 0/27 (0 %) patients of the Ca group, they were improved, p = 0.040. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum magnesium was an independent predictor for no progression of the arterial calcifications, p = 0.047.

Conclusions: Magnesium probably retards the arterial calcifications in hemodialysis patients. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify whether magnesium provides cardiovascular protection to this group of patients.
Organism: Humans
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25118610
10.1007/s11255-014-0751-9

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Magnesium lowers Calcification

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