Glucose increases Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

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Glucose increases TNF-α
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2021

Rodents

Dopamine receptor D2 inhibition alleviates diabetic hepatic stellate cells fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β1/Smads and NFκB pathways
Chen J, Chen Z, Guo Z, Li S, Wei C, Xu C, Zhang X, Zhao B
«We established both streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D, fed for 20 weeks) rat model and high glucose (HG, 40 mmol/L)-stimulated HSCs model. The results from both the rats with STZ and the HSCs treated with HG showed increased expression of DRD2, NOX-5, inflammation-related proteins (IL-6 and TNFα) and fibrosis-related proteins (TGFβ1, CO-Ⅰ/Ⅲ/ IV, MMP-2/9 and fibronectin). In vivo, the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total antioxidant capacity (TOC) levels were significantly increased, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, and electron microscopy revealed liver lesions and hepatocyte injury. In addition, HG-treated HSCs exhibited altered oxidative stress - related indexes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), changed and abnormally proliferated in vitro. TGF-β1, the phosphorylated Smad2, nuclear NFκB-p65, phosphorylated NFκB-p65 and phosphorylated IκBα were also increased. Interestingly, haloperidol (DRD2 inhibitor) and n-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, an active oxygen scavenger) reduced the above-mentioned changes. In conclusion, DRD2 inhibition can reduce diabetic HSCs oxidative damage and fibrotic proliferation partly via the TGF-β1/Smads and NFκB pathways.»
Organism: Mouse / Rat (Rodents)
Strong Magnitude of Effect.
#Bingbing Zhao, Can Wei, MEDLINE, NCBI, NIH, NLM, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Non-U.S. Gov', PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Siwei Li, doi:10.1111/1440-1681.13437, pmid:33179312more...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33179312
10.1111/1440-1681.13437

From this research we know that
2.0
Glucose increases expression of NOX5
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2.4
Glucose increases expression of D2 Receptor
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1.9
Glucose increases IL-6
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1.7
Glucose increases TGFβ1
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1.9
Glucose increases TNF-α
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1.9
Glucose increases MMP-2
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1.7
Glucose increases MMP-9
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1.7
Glucose increases Fibronectin
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1.9
Glucose increases AST
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1.9
Glucose increases ALT
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1.9
Glucose increases Antioxidant capacity
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1.7
Glucose increases NF-kB
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1.7
Glucose increases MDA
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1.9
Glucose increases ROS
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Glucose increases TNF-α
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